Advanced Students: Photography and the Law Assignment

Hello Students,

In our modern era, photographers and their rights are constantly being challenged, abused and misled. It is important to know your rights and what means are available to protect you, your intellectual property, equipment and ownership of the images you create and to protect your individual rights under the law.

What are your rights as a photographer?

These are general guidelines regarding the right to make photos and should not be interpreted as legal advice. If you need legal help, please contact a lawyer.

1. You can make a photograph of anything and anyone on any public property, except where a specific law prohibits it. e.g. streets, sidewalks, town squares, parks, government buildings open to the public, and public libraries. 
2. You may shoot on private property if it is open to the public, but you are obligated to stop if the owner requests it. e.g. malls, retail stores, restaurants, banks, and office building lobbies. 
3. Private property owners can prevent photography ON their property, but not photography OF their property from a public location. 
4. Anyone can be photographed without consent when they are in a public place unless there is a reasonable expectation of privacy. e.g. private homes, restrooms, dressing rooms, medical facilities, and phone booths. Despite common misconceptions, the following subjects are almost always permissible: accidents, fire scenes, criminal activities, children, celebrities, law enforcement officers, bridges, infrastructure, transportation facilities, residential, commercial, and industrial buildings 
5. Security is rarely an acceptable reason for restricting photography. Photographing from a public place cannot infringe on trade secrets, nor is it terrorist activity. 
6. Private parties cannot detain you against your will unless a serious crime was committed in their presence. Those that do so may be subject to criminal and civil charges. 
7. It is a crime for someone to threaten injury, detention, confiscation, or arrest because you are making photographs. 
8. You are not obligated to provide your identity or reason for photographing unless questioned by a law enforcement officer and state law requires it. 
9. Private parties have no right to confiscate your equipment without a court order. Even law enforcement officers must obtain one unless making an arrest. No one can force you to delete photos you have made. 

Case Study: Obama Image Copyright Case

Mannie Garcia, Associated Press, Shephard Fairy

Mannie Garcia is a photographer that worked for Associated Press (AP) and took this iconic photo of President Barack Obama, which was then converted into a digital artwork by the artist Shephard Fairy. AP claims that Shephard Fairy violated their copyright of the image. Mr. Fairy claims that by altering the photograph he had created an original artwork. Mannie Garcia even joined in claiming that he owned the original rights to the photograph and it became a 3-way legal battle. All parties eventually conceded and came to an out of court settlement and agreement, with no parties admitting to copyright having been infringed. What do you think? Did Mr.Fairy violate the copy rights of the original photo? Who owns the rights in the first place? AP or Mr. Garcia?

Case Study: Colorado University Independent vs Photographer Andy Duann

Photo by: Andy Duann

When student photographer Andy Duann heard there was a bear stuck in tree on the CU campus he did what any crack photographer would do, he got to the scene just in time to take this photo. The image quickly went viral and was used in print by the universities student paper, the Colorado University  Independent newspaper. CUI then sold the image to major newspapers. When the photographer argued that he owned the original image the case seemed ready to be argued in court. Fortunately CUI recanted, AP pulled the image from its publications and Andy Duann's rights to the image were restored. This was a relatively quick copyright skirmish, but garnered national attention because of the viral nature to the image. What do you think? Was Andy Duann working as a photographer for CUI? Who do you think owns the rights?

Photography and the Law - Assignment Details:

• Use the internet to research issues pertaining to photographers rights and/or copyright infringement issues and cases
• Find one issue or case to write about that you find interesting
• Write a 1 page paper outlining the issues in question, evidence, arguements, examples, images and outcomes. Was the issue/case settled? If so, how? Do you agree or disagree with the outcome? Why?
• Be prepared to present your issue, information and arguments to the class. Please provide examples of the photographs in question if possible for viewing during your presentation.

Have fun!

  - Mr.W

History of Photography Assignment

Assignment: History Of Photography Presentation

Students, your new assignment is a research and presentation project focusing on the history of photography and it's role in world history. You will create a slideshow presentation with written notes and give a 5 minute presentation about photography and it's role in history, from technological advances, to social issues and how the camera has become a tool for change in public perception. 

This is an illustration of a camera obscura from the 17th century. Origin: unknown, possibly Italian -  Library of Congress.

In class we will begin with a fun exercise by creating our own camera by hand and create a gallery of images with it (hopefully). The camera obscura (shown above) is an optical device that lead to the development of photography. Light from an external scene passes through a small pinhole and hits a surface reproducing the the scene upside down. The image can be projected onto paper and an image can be traced. Did you know you can visit a giant camera obscura in San Francisco?

This is a photograph of child laborers working in a mine from 1910. Images like these were taken by Lewis Hines for the National Child Labor Committee and helped to change public perception about child labor which assisted in enacting laws to protect children from exploitation, such as the Child Labor Amendment in 1924. Image source: Shorpy.com

History of Photography Assignment Details:

For this project you are asked to research using the library as well as online resources to identify key moments in history that are relevant to photography. Focus on technology, uses, historical events and social causes that were affected by the use of photography. Identify 2 or 3 important photographers through history and discuss why their work is important. Create a google slide show, share it with your instructor and be prepared to present to the class the following week.

Tasks:

1. Produce a slideshow with 20 images that cover a timeline of events in the history of photography and be prepared to give a 5 minute presentation.
2. Cover everything from the earliest uses to technological advances and how photography has been used for social change, mentioning important photographers throughout history as well.
3. Include 2 of your own photographs and discuss how they are historically relevant and identify how they fit into a cultural context.
4. Write 2-3 sentences of information for each slide and use those notes during your 5 minute presentation

- Mr.W

Advanced Students: Invisible Camera Self Portrait

Hello Students,
Your next photo challenge is to replicate the effect in the photo below. The concept is to create a self portrait, taken in a mirror, where the camera is hidden through photoshop trickery. I loved this technique so much that years ago I emailed Josh Dunlop and asked his permission to use his photo below and challenge my students to replicate his method, fortunately for us he loved the idea.

This high performing student example shows good technical skill and attention paid to lighting and exposure

Assignment:
Check out his image below... how do you think it was created? Follow this link and try to replicate the process. With some additional searching you can find more resources on the steps required to replicate the effect.

Tips:

• Follow the steps on the expert photography website to create your own invisible camera self portrait
• Take a few practice shots against the mirror to make sure you are exposed properly and in focus
• Lock down focus/white balance/iso/shutter speed so your shots can be blended together in photoshop
• Think about how you can use creative photography methods to make your own "hidden camera portrait" unique...  think about color, setting, attire, extras (other people), mood, lighting, color or b&w, image enhancement, etc...
• Read and study the methods used, if your first attempts aren't successful, try again...

Photo by Josh Dunlop at ExpertPhotography.com

Have fun!

 - Mr.W